9201-143. Abbasi SA, Soni R (Salim Ali Sch Eco, Pondicherry (Central) Univ; Pondicherry - 605001). Studies on the environmental impact of three common pesticides with respect to toxicity towards a lararivore (channelfish Nuria denricus). J Inst Public Hlth Engrs (India), 1991 (2) (1991), 8-12 [16 Ref].
Studies on the environmental impact of pesticides endosulphan, carbaryl and quinolphos were conducted with respect to computer-aided long-term renewal bioassays on an indigenous freshwater insectivorous fish Nuria denricus. The time-dependent median lethal concentrations (LC50,), maximum allowable toxicant concentrations (MATC) and ‘no adverse effect levels’ (NAEL) were determined to evaluate the relative toxicity of the pesticides. A comparison between NAEL values and the prevailing water qualities standards for the corresponding pesticides reveal that the standards are several times lower than NAFL and therefore are adequate.
9201-144 Akela BP, Yadav Jagannath, Thakur YP, Kanti Pranaw (Dept goo, Degree Coll, Supane 852131). Effect of aldrin on serum cholesterol in comnlon Indian catfish Clarias batrachus. Env Eco, 9 (1) (1991), 183-186 [9 Ref]. (Late Recd).
Serum cholesterol level of Clarias batrachus was estimated in control fish and in fish exposed to 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 ppm of aldrin. LC50 of aldrin for this fish was recorded to be 3.5 ppm. Serum cholesterol level was found to rise from control condition upto 1.0 ppm of aldrin and there are a gradual fall upto 3.0 ppm. It was also marked that there was a slight variation in its level due to sex.
9201-145. Andrews MI, George Sanil (Dept Zoo, Mar Thoma Coll, Tiruvalla-689103 Kerala). Toxic effects of pesticides on tadpoles of frog Rana hexadacty. J Ecotoxico Environ Monit, 1(2) (1991), 142-147 [13 Ref].
Toxicity of pesticides, endosulfan, malathion and furadan to tadpoles of Rana hexadactyla has been investigated. The values of LC50, lethal and sublethal concentrations were 0.509, 0.7 and 0.12 ppm of endosulfan, 4.44, 6.0 and 0.65 for malathion and 7, 8, 1.0 and 2.14 ppm for furadan, respectively. Endosulfan was the most toxic to tadpoles. Malathion was moderately toxic and furadan, the least toxic to them.
9201-146. Andrews MI, Mathew KK, Oommen Manu, George Sanil (Dept Zoo, Mar Thoma Coll, Tiruvalla 689103 Kerala). Effect of distillery effluent on the hatching rate and larval survival of frog, Rana hexadactyla Lesson. Polln Res, 9 (1990), 39-43 [15 Ref] (Late Recd).
Effect of the distillery effluent on the hatching rate of eggs and survival of tadpoles of Rana hexadactyla Lesson was studied. The distillery effluent concentrations above 1.2% were lethal to the eggs as well as tadpoles of the frog. The sublethal concentrations of the effluent appeared to stimulate the growth of tadpoles, though they reduced the rate of hatching of eggs to a great extent.
9201-147. Bagwe Aparna N, Bhisey Rajani A (Carcinogenesis Div, Cancer Res Inst. Tata Memorial Cent, Parel, Bombay 400012). Mutagenicity of processed bidi tokacco: possible relevance to bidi industry workers. Mutation Res, 261 (2) (1991), 93-96 [23 Ref].
The genotoxic potential of bidi tobacco was evaluated by mutagenicity testing of aqueous, aqueous:ethanolic, ethanolic and chloroform extracts of processed tobacco used in the manufacture of ‘bidis’, indigenous forms of cigarettes smoked in India. Present study indicates that workers employed in the bidi industry are exposed to potentially mutagenic and genotoxic chemicals in the course of their occupation.
9201-148. Baigh Md Azahar, Vijay Joseph K, Jayantha Rao K (Div Toxico, Dept Zoo, SV Univ, Tirupati 517502). Effect of heptachlor on selected biochemical aspects in the functionally different muscles of Channa punctatus. J Environ Bio, 12 (4) (1991), 341-345 [13 Ref].
Organic constituents like carbohydrates, glycogen, proteins, free amino acids, lipids and metabolites like pyruvic acid and t-lactic acid were altered in the functionally different muscles of heptachlor exposed fish. The changes were more pronounced in 10 days exposed fish than 5 days exposed ones.
9201-149. Baile W, Oberai S (PG Dept Zoo, Nagpur Univ, Nagpur- 400010). Comparative histo-pathology of methyl parathion and endosulfan treated liver of the catfish Clarias batrachus (Linn). Himalayan J Environ Zoo, 5 (1) (1991), 23-28 [9 Ref].
The liver of the fish Clarias batrachus when subjected to endosulfan and methyl parathion pesticides shows hypertrophy of hepatocytic nuclei, along with appearance of inter spaces in between the liver lobules accompanied by disturbed orientation of liver cells, dilation of blood vessels and necrosis of cells, besides increased vascularization in the form of grouping of large number of blood cells in endosulfan treated liver. The observations tend to show that the endosulfan is more toxic to the liver of C. batrachus as compared to methyl parathion upon longer duration.
9201-150. Bakthavathsalam R (Dept Zoo, Govt of Arts Coll, Ariyalur 621713). Hematology of the fish Anabas testudineus exposed to lindane and carbofuran at submerged condition and on exposure to air. Env Eco, 9 (1) (1991), 124-127 [12 Ref] (Late Recd).
The fish Anabas testud ineus at submerged condition and on exposure to air after treated with acetone (control), lindane and carbofuran though caused significant decrease in the blood hemoglobin content at 1 hour and before death over 0-hour control; the reduction observed at 1 hour was relatively less compared to that of before death.
9201-151. Baronia AK, Sharma JD, Sahai YN (Toxico Lab, Zoo Dept, Dr HS Gour Univ, Sagar 470003, MP). Distribution pattern and accumulation of organo-chloro pesticides (DDT and BHC) in some tissues of Rattus rattus albino. Growth Dev Nat Resource Conserv (Ed SR Verma), Nature Conservators (1990), 117-121 [9 Ref].
Study was undertaken to investigate distribution pattern and accumulation of organochloro pesticides (DDT and BHC) in liver, kidney, brain with pituitary gland, testis, ovary and adrenal gland of Rattus rattus albino. The pesticides were selected because of their common use and their widespread distribution and accumulation is reported.
9201-152. Baskaran Pandi (Dept Environ Sci, Bharathiar Univ, Coimbatore 641 046). Use of biochemical parameters in bio-monitoring of pesticide pollution in some freshwater fishes. J Ecotoxico Environ Monit, 1 (2) (1991), 104-109 [23 Ref].
A study on the response of protein, glycogen, SDH and proteases was carried out in some freshwater fishes such as Oreochromis mossambicus. Mystus vittatus and Channa striatus following fenvalerate treatment. It was observed that protein, glycogen and SDH activity in muscle and liver of fenvalerate treated fish decreased whereas the proteases increased.
9201-153. Bhatt AM (Dept Zoo, DAV (PG) Coll, Dehradun 248001). Relative toxicity of Emisan-6 and BHC 10% dust on the fish, Puntius ticto. J Environ Bio, 12 (4) (1991), 381-384 [7 Ref].
96 h acute toxicity tests of Emisan-6 and BHC 10% dust were carried out on the fish Puntiusticto. Regression equation was established to compare the toxicity of Emisan-6 and BHC 10% dust. The LC60 values of Emisan-6 and BHC 10% dust were 13.2 mg/l and 9.0 mg/l while safe application rate values of these toxicants were found to be 7.92 mg/l and 4.50 mg/l respectively.
9201-154. Bhisey Rajani A, Govekar Rukmini B (Carcinogenesis Div, Cancer Res Inst, Tata Memorial Cent, Parel, Bombay 400012). Biological monitoring of bidi rollers with respect to genotoxic hazards of occupational tobacco exposure. Mutction Res, 261 (2) (1991), 139-147 [23 Ref].
Smokeless tobacco habits are associated with a high incidence of oropharyngeal cancer in India Hence, the biological effects of occupational exposure to smokeless tobacco used for making bidis were studied in 2 groups of bidi rollers designated BR-K and BR—S and in control subjects with no tobacco habits. Specific tobacco exposure and the electrophilic burden were determined by estimating urinary codtinine and thioethers respectively. Urine mutagenicity was tested with the Atnes assay using Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100. The results show that occupational tobacco exposure modulates the glutathione conjugation pathway and increases the mutagenic burden of bidi rollers.
9201-156. Birendra Kumar, Banerjee V (EIaematology Lab, Dept Zoo, Patna Univ, Patna-800005). Effects of lethal toxicity of sevin (carbaryl) on the blood parameters in Clarias batrachus L. Himalayan J Environ Zoo, 6 (1) (1991), 13-17 [30 Ref].
Exposure in 48-h LC60 concentration of sevin to Claruls batrachus showed anisocytosis, hypochromasia, crenation of erythrocyte membrane, TEG, Hb, M.CH, MCHC, TLC and in small lymphocytes count.
9201-166. Chawla Geeta, Singh Jaswant, Viswanathan PN (Ecotoxico Sec, Indl Toxico Res Cent, Lucknow 226001). Effect of pH and temperature on the uptake of cadmium by Lemna minor L. Bull Environ Contam Toxico, 47 (1) (1991), 84-90 [19 Ref].
Many aquatic macrophytes have the capacity to take up toxic heavy metals from polluted water and accumulate them. However, uptake of metal ion from water is dependent on concentration, pH, temperature presence of other substances and functional and morphological status of the biotic species. An attempt to understand any correlation between metal bioconcentration, pH and temperature the optimal conditions for the removal of cadmium ions by duckweed, Lemna minor (L.) were studied.
9201-157. Chidambaram N (Zool Surv India, Marine, Biol Stn, 100, Santhome High Rd, Madras 600028). Do some extrinsic factors influence on nickel accumulation by the mussel, Perna uiridis: a field study. Indian J Environ Prot, 11 (6) (1991), 436-442 [39 Ref].
Mean concentrations of nickel in sediments and mussels Perna viridis, were relatively higher in the samples of fish landing centre, whereas estuarine water contained more level of nickel. Concentration of nickel in mussels showed direct relationship with nickel present in water and sediments as well as concentration of chemical oxygen demand and pH. Inverse relationship was found between nickel content in mussel and BOD in water, and showed significance in all the groups of mussel, except medium size in fish landing centre. Some other significant results were also discussed.
9201-158. (:hidambaramN, Sastry CA (Indian Inst Techno, Cent Biosci Biotechno, Madras 600036). Toxicity and bioaccumulation of selenate in the teleost fish Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters). Indian J Environ Prot, 11 (7) (1991), 496-501 [28 Ref].
Acute toxicity tests were conducted using teleost fish, Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters) to assess the toxic potential of sodium selenate as toxicant for the exposure period of 24 - and 96 hr and values of LC50, were 16.3645 mg/l (48 hr) and 11.5718 mg/l (96 hr). To understand the rate of accumulation and elimination of selenium in whole - body and various tissues of fish, chronic toxicity studies were conducted for the exposure period of 50 day at the levels of 2 sublethal concentrations and it was 0.7715 mg/l and 1.1572 mg/l.
9201-159. Chockalingam S, Balaji A (Zool Res Lab, Thiagarajar Coll, Madurai 625009). Effect of daily effluent on the rate of oxygen consumption and survival of the tadpole larva of Bufo bufo. J Environ Bio, 12 (4) (1991), 377-379 [15 Ref].
Data on the effect of dairy effluent on the oxygen consumption and survival of the tadpole larva of Bufo bufo reveal that a concentration of 30.59to effluent proves lethal to 50% of the population in about 96h of exposure, and the rate of oxygen consumption decreased with increasing concentration of effluent.
9201-160. Dethe MD, Kala VD, Rane SD, Walunj AR (AICRP on Pesticide Residues, Mahatma Phule Agricl Univ, Rahuri-413722). Hexachlorocyclo-hexane residues in rice: J Ecotoxico Environ Monit, 1 (2) (1991), 91-94 [4 Ref].
Detectable levels of HCH residues were noticed in 7, 12 and 4 out of 12 grain, 15 bran and 10 straw samples of rice-collected from paddy growing area of Western Maharashtra. Residues of gamma HCH was lower than the MRL of 0.25 ppm in most of the contaminated samples, levels of alpha-HCH were higher than other isomers of HCH.
9201-161. Dethe MD, Kale VD, Walunj, AR, Rane SD (AICRP on Pesticide Residues, Mahatma Phule Agricl Univ, Rahuri 413722 Maharashtra). DDT and HCH residues on milk samples from rural area of Ahmednagar district, Western Maharashtra. J Ecotoxico Environ Monit, 1 (2) (1991) 95-98 [6 Ref].
Out of 62 milk samples studied detectable levels of residues of both DDT & HGH, DDT alone and HCH alone were noticed in 3, 11 and 6 samples, respectively. Residues exceeding extraneous residue limits were noticed in 11 samples contaminated with DDT residues. The level of contamination with gauna HCH was much lower in the samples contaminated with residues of HCH.
9201-162. Dethe MD, Dharne PK, Kala VD (AICRP on Pesticide Residues, Mahatma Phule Agricl Univ, (Ahmednagar) Rahuri 413722, Maharashtra). Residues of endosulfan and mono-crotophos in pigeon pea. Growth Dev Nat Resource Conserv (Ecl SR Verma), Nature Conservators (1990), 283-285 [8 Ref].
Residues of endosulfan and monocrotophos in grains from green and dried pods of pigeonpea were estimated by GLC and colorimetry, respectively. In grain from green pods, residues level reached Maximum Residue Limit in 1.31 and 14.13 days after second spray with 0.07% endosulfan and 0.05% monocrotophos respectively.
9201-163. Dwarakanath M, Subburam V (Dept Environ Sci, Bharathiar Univ, Coimbatore 641046). Incidence of fluorosis in a smal village population. Indian J Environ Hlth, 33 (2) (1991), 182-186 [7 Ref].
Studies in Gudalur Village in Tamilnadu showed that about 34% of the population exhibited mild to severe form of dental fluorosis. Only two individuals showed severe form of skeletal fluorosis. The incidence and intensity of fluorosis have been attributed to high fluoride content of drinking water and products from biological sources.
9201-164. Flora SJS, Dhawan Mamta, Tandon SK (Defence Res Dev Establishment, Gwalior). Effects of combined exposure to aluminium and ethanol on aluminium body burden and some neuromal, hepatic and haematopoietic biochemical variables in the rat. Human Expt Toxico, 10 (1) (1991), 46-48 [30 Ref].
The effects of the daily administration of aluminium (25 mg/kg, orally), ethanol (10%v/v, in drinking water) or both to adult rats, for 6 weeks, on the amount of aluminium present in the tissues and the functioning of brain biogenic amines, hepatic and serum transaminases and some haematopoietic variables were investigated. Ethanol alone was seen to inhibit the activity of 6-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD), while aluminium alone elevated the activity of blood ALAD. However, aluminium and ethanol combined produced a more pronounced inhibition of blood ALAD and hepatic glutamic pyruvic transminase (GPT) than either aluminium or ethanol alone. The concentration of aluminium in the blood and liver was significantly-higher in rats exposed to both aluminium and ethanol than in those exposed to aluminium alone. Thus the consumption of alcohol may increase the rat’s susceptibility to certain effects of aluminillm.
9201-165. Gaur Abha, Bhattacharjee JW (Div Aquatic Toxico, Indl Toxico Res Cent, PB80, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001). Toxicity of selected chromium compounds in microbial bioassay system. Water Air Soil Polln, 59 (1/2) (1991), 193-197 [14 Ref].
The short term acute toxicity of potassium chromate, potassium dichromate and chromium sulphate has been compared in a simple microbial bioassay. Among the test substances potassium chromate was most toxic and showed no bioaccumulation while potassium dichromate was less toxic but resulted in significant bio-accumulation.
9201-166. Ghosh SK, Gokani VN, Doctor PB, Parikh JR, Kashyap SK (Natl Inst Occupl Hlth, Ahmedabad). Intervention studies against "green symptoms" among Indian tobacco harvesters. Arch Environ Hlth, 46 (5) (1991), 316-317 [7 Ref].
The use of rubber gloves reduced nicotine and cotinine absorption among 29 tobacco harvesters, as evidenced by the urinary excretion rate of nicotine and cotinine. Approximately 20% (n = 6) of the subjects reported that symptoms disappeared when they used gloves, but the remaining 23 workers complained of an occasional headache even when using gloves. Wearing of boots and socks as well as gloves prevented the symptoms and significantly decreased nicotine and cotinine excretion. This suggests that nicotine is absorbed through the feet.
9201-167. Gowrinathan KP, Rao VNR (Cent Adv Std Bot, Univ Madras, Guindy Campus, Madras 600025). Physiological responses of some plankton diatoms to heavy metals. Asian Env. 13 (2) (1991), 20-32 [27 Ref].
Physiological responses of a centric diatom Cyclotella meneqhiniana Kutz and a pennate diatom Nitzschia obtusa Wm.Sm. to different concentrations of heavy metals like Hg, Cu, Cd, Zn, Pb and Cr were studied. Heavy metals affected uptake of nitrate, nitrite and phosphate and nitrogen and phosphorus assimilating enzymes in the diatoms.
9201-168. Gupta BN (Indl Toxico Res Cent, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001). Effects of industrialization on the health of population. Indian J Environ Prot, 11 (8) (1991), 583-586.
The toxic chemicals emanating from various industrial units in the form of gaseous, solid or liquid effluents have got serious deleterious effects on the quality of air, water and soil. The social economic and ecotoxicological impact of industrialization on human population are discussed.
9201-169. Haniffa MA, Arul Selvan S (PG Res Dept Zoo, St Xavier’s (Autonomous) Coll, Palayankottai 627002). Relative toxicity of bleaching, dyeing and mixed textile-mill effluents to the freshwater fish Oreochromis mossambicus (Trewaves). J Environ Bio, 12 (4) (1991), 359-362 [20 Ref].
Oreochromis mossambicus of 6+1g live weight were used for the bioassay studies on the bleaching, dyeing and mixed textile-mill effluents. The experimental results showed that dyeing effluent was found to be more toxic than mixed and bleaching effluents. The 96 h LC50 values calculated 5.19% for dyeing, 5.19% for mixed and 6.12% for bleaching effluents.
9201-170. Jani JP, Raiyani CV, Mistry JS, Patel JS, Desai NM, Kashyap SK (Dept Pharmaco, Sch Med, Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261 USA). Residues of organochlorine pesticides and polycyclic aromatic hydro-carbons in drinking water of Ahmedabad city. India. Bull Environ Contam Toxico, 47 (3) (1991), 381-385 [10 Ref].
The ubiquitous environmental pollutants organochlorine pesticides (OCP) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) have been extensively studied for their toxicity. Monitoring of OCP and PAH residues has always been considered important for controlling human exposure. This is the first report regarding the residues of OCP and PAH in drinking water of Ahmedabad City.
9201-171. Jha AN, Sharma T (Cytogenetic Lab, Cent Adv Std Zoo, Banaras HIndu Univ, Varanasi 221005). Enhanced frequency of chromosome aberrations in workers occupationally exposed to diagnostic X-rays. Mutation Res, 260 (4) (1991), 343-348 [26 Ref].
To estimate the level of radiation exposure of personnel handling diagnostic X-ray machines, the yield of chromosomal aberrations was analysed in peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures. These becupationally exposed individuals showed higher frequencies of dicentrics as well as acentrics than normal controls. The increase in the aberration yields in this personnel underscores the need of adoption, measures to avoid or minimise such overexposure.
9201-172. Jindal R, Verma Anuradha, (Dept Zoo Punjab Univ, Chandigarh 160 014). Effect of interactions amongst heavy metals on primary production. Indian J Environ Hlth, 33 (2) (1991), 249-251 [8 Ref].
Studies on deleterious effects of combinations of lead, nickel, cadmium, zinc and copper on the primary production of freshwater pond in Chandigarh reveal that copper has synergistic effects with nickel on cell growth and photosynthesis by algae. Antagonistic effects of copper + cadmium and copper + lead were observed. The effect of cadmium was almost double than that of lead.
9201-173. Kamat SR, Patil JD, Gregrat Janki, Dalal Neepa, Deshpande JM, Hardikar Pratima (Dept Respiratory Medicine, KEM Hosp Seth GS Medl Coll, Bombay 400 012). Air pollution and related chest morbidity in central and north-eastern Bombay. Encology, 5 (9) (1991), 1-9 [10 Ref].
In a study of 4 comparable communities in central and north eastern Bombay (2 each) among randomly matched 349 (Parel), 430 (Dadar), 421 (Maravali) and 397 (Deonar) subjects done in 1988-9, along with ambient SO2, NO2, and SPM air monitoring. The levels in winter were higher particularly for SO2 in Pasl and Maravali and for NO2, SPM in Maravali; Deonar showed lowerpollution. There were inter area differences for housing, income, residential history but age-sex differences were small; these were reduced by matching. Despite lower SO2 pollution, Maravali residents suffered equally as in Parel. This may be due to added effect of diesel exhausts (NO2, SPM) or other unmeasured chemicals.
9201-174. Kaviraj A, Das BK (Dept Zoo Univ, Kalyani, Ralyani 741235, West Bengal). Bioaccumulation and toxicity of cadmium to aquaic organisms - a review. Growth Dev Nat Resource Conserv. (Ed SR Verma), Nature Conservators (1990), 177-186 [68 Ref].
Cadmium is a notorious aquatic pollutant. Concentration of this metal in many natural water bodies often crosses the maximum permissible limit (0.01 mg/l) in drinking water. As high as 13.6µg/g cadmium has been detected in fish inhabiting natural lakes. Provisional tolerance of human consumption of cadmium is 0.4-0.5 µg/g/g/person/week. Toxicity of cadmium varies with species, age and sex of the organisms as well as with water quality.
9201-175. Khadse VR, Jotani KL, Raval YB (Gujarat Fisheries Aquatic Res Inst, Port Okha 361 350 Gujarat). Toxicity of zinc to two marine water fishes Aphinus dispar (Nardo) and Mugil spp. Polln Res, 9 (1990), 131-132 [2 Ref] (Late Pub).
Acute toxicity test (static bioassay) on maximum tolerance limit of zinc metal to two marine fishes, Aphinus dispar (Nardo) and Mugil spp. was studied. The 96 hrs. Lc-50 values were 4.0 mg/l and 30 mg/l for Wugil spp. and Aphinus dispar respectively. This shows that Mugil spp. in more succesptible to zinc than Aphinus dispar. Maximum tolerance limit were 10 mg/l and 40 mg/l respectively for mugil and Aphinus.
9201-176. Khan Sikandar, Ali S, Rahman Q (Indl Toxico Res Cent, PO Box 80, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001). Diminution in phase I and phase II drug metabolizing enzymes of rat lung by asbestos: An In vitro study. Bull Environ Contam, Toxico, 47 (5) (1991), 660-667 [23 Ref].
Studies on three varieties of asbestos viz. chrysotile, crocidolite and amosite and tetanium dioxide on the enzymes of phase I and phase II drug metabolism in isolated rat lung microsomes and post-microsomal fraction were conducted. Conclusions of the study suggest that diminution of these drug metabolizing enzymes in pulmonary tissue by asbestos may increase the retention time of the reactive metabolites of the carcinogenic chemicals of cigarette smoke in lungs which might contribute to some extent increased risk of development of lung cancer in smokers, occupationally exposed to asbestos.
9201-177. Khangarot BS, Tripathi DM (Fish Immunotoxicity Proj, Indl Tosico Res Cent, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, PB No.80, Lucknow 226001). Changes in humoral and cell-mediated immune responses and in skin and respiratory surfaces of catfish Saccobranchus fossilis following copper exposure. Ecotoxico Enuiron Safety, 22 (3) (1991), 291-308 [60 Ref].
Immunologic responses and stereoscan analysis of the skin and gill surfaces were performed in the air-breathing catfish. Saccobranchus fossilis (Bloch) following sublethal exposure to copper. At 0.056, 0.1, and 0.32 mg/ litre of cu, a dose-dependent decrease in red and white blood cell counts, hemoglobin content, and packed cell volume values were observed at the end of experiment, i.e., 28 days. Fish exposed to Cu concentrations had lower antibody titer values, reduced numbers of splenic and kidney plaque-forming cells, and higher counts of splenic lymphocytes when compared to the control group.
9201-178. Khanna SK, Das Mukul (Dyes’& Food Adulterant Toxicol Lab, Indl Toxico Res Cent, Lucknow 226001). Toxicit, carcinogenic potential and clinico-epidemiological studies on dyes and dye intermediates. J. Scientific Indl Res, 50 (12) (1991), 965-974 [167 Ref].
Paper gives an exhaustive review of toxicity, carcinogenic potential arkiclmico-epidemiological studies on dyes and dye intermediates. Growth of dyestuff industry and export statistics, health hazards -and animal toxicity studies in related areas are covered in the review.
9201-179. Kulkarni BG (Dept Zoo, Inst Sci, Bombay 400032). Physiological and biochemical responses of the crab Scylla serrata (Foskal) to mercury exposure. Growth Dev Nat Resources Conserv (Ed SR Verma), Nature Conservators (1990), 153-158 [20 Ref].
The impact of sublethal levels of mercury chloride on physiological and biochemical parameters in crab Scylla serrata of Bombay coast has been studied. The levels of glycogen depleted in hepatopancreas and muscle following 4 weeks exposure of crabs to 0.14 and 0.5 mg/l of mercury. Significant elevation of glucose, lactic acid, sodium, potassium were observed in blood of mercury treated crabs.
9201-180. Kumar S, Gopalani Deepak, Rao MVN, Ramaseshu P, Nagaratnam A (Defence Lab, Jodhpur 342001). Estimation of radon levels in environment. Indian J Environ Prot, 11 (5) (l991), 375-377 [3 Ref].
Paper discusses the radon levels measured in various buildings and mines of Rajasthan using the solid state nuclear track detectors (SSNTDs). The lower values are observed in the newly built houses with good ventilation, whereas in the case of mines, these are observed in gypsum mines. A comparison of the measurements carried out using the SSNTD method is made with that using the filter paper method. The consistent lower values in the later technique are attributed to the self absorption of alphas in the dust cake.
9201-181. Maheswari Devi K, Gopal V, Rathna Gopal (Dept Enuron Sci, Bharathiar Univ, Coimbatore 641046). Liver-somatic index of Channa striatus as a biomonitoring tool of heavy metal and pesticide toxicity. J Ecotoxico Environ Monit, 1 (2) (1991), 135-141 [26 Ref].
When compared to a liver-somatic index (LSI) of 1.92 the normal fish Channa striatus exposed to sublethal concentration of various toxicants (Cu, Cd, Hg, Pb DDT & metacid) showed an index of 1.12, 0.84, 0.77, 1.07, 0.56 and 0.9 respectively at the end of 5th week.
9201-182. Maleeka Begum SF, Subburam V (Dept Environ Sci, Barathiar Univ, Coimbatore 641046). Impact of industrial city sewage on the level of chemical and microbial, contamination in the teleost fish Sarotherodon mossambicus and its habitat (Singanullur Tank). Polln Res, 9 (1990), 1-13 [36 Ref] (Late Recd).
The level of chemical and bacteriological pollution due to the discharge of untreated waste water into Singanullur irrigation tank situated south east of Coimbatore city was investigated. The concentration of chloride, phosphate, nitrate, iron, manganese and copper were found to be above the tolerance limit fixed for inland surface water. The concentration of sodium, potassium, calcium, zinc and mercury showed a significant change. The order of mean concentration of metals were found to be the same in water and sediment, however in the fish S. mossambicus, the highest concentration was recorded for calcium and the positions of zinc and manganese were interchanged.
9201-183. Malla Rao B, Vikram Reddy M (Environ Bio Lab, Dept Zoo, Kakatiya Univ, Warangal 506009). Impacts of effluents of the disperse-dye factory on some aquatic and terrestrial fauna particularly arthropods. Env Eco, 9 (3) (1991), 621-623 [3 Ref].
Investigations on the impact of the effluents of a new disperse-dye factory located in the outskirts of Warangal, on both the aquatic and terrestrial fauna particularly the arthropods revealed that the effluents when discharged outside killed arthropods. Individuals belonging to Coleoptera, Pseudoscorpionidae, Acarina, Blattidae and Thysanoptera were recorded on the adjacent unpolluted soil having no access to the effluents.
9201-184. Martin RE, Sarojini R, Nagabhusanam R (Dept Zoo, Marathwada Univ, Aurangabad 431 004). Effect of organophosphorus pesticide, methyl parathion on the histopathology of the ovary of the freshwater prawno Caridina weberi. Polln Res, 9 (1990), 107-117 [11 Ref]. (Late Recd).
The exposure of freshwater prawn, Caridina weberi exposed to pesticide methyl parathion resulted in rupture of the germinative zone. Most of the ovarian tissues showed degeneration, vacuolisation and damage to the proliferating zones. The degeneration and regression of the ovarian tissues may be due to oocyte breakdown which is caused by the phagocytic action possibly by nutritive phagocytes.
9201-185. Mishra Anil, Dwivedi Premendra D, Verma Ashish S, Mishra Jaya, Sinha M, Dutta KK, Ray PK (Inhibition Toxico Div, Indl Toxico Res Cent, Lucknow 226 001). Modulation of microsomal membrane associated detoxication enzymes activity by methyl isocyanate (MIC) exposure. Bull, Environ Contam Toxico, 47 (5) (1991), 675-681 [24 Ref].
Studies on biochemical basis of MIC intoxication in male albino rats showed non-significant changes in glutathione s-transferase, aniline hydroxylase, aminophyrine de-methylase and sulphydryl contents to 355 ppm sign exposure of MIC whereas significant decrease in glutathione content. Alteration in the activities of pulmonary mixed function oxidase system shows that lung tissue has been the primary target organ affected by exposure to MIC.
9201-186. Mishra Anil, Dwivedi Premendra D, Verma AS, Sinha M, Mishra Jaya, Lal K, Pandya KP, Dutta KK (Inhalation Toxico Div, Indl Toxico Res Cent, Lucknow 226001). Pathological and biochemical alterations induced by inhalation of furfural vapour in rat lung. Bull-Environ Contam Toxico, 47 (5) (1991), 668-674 [15 Ref].
Studies on evaluation of toxic responses of furfilral vapour exposed rats showed patho-biochemical changes in the form of muscus membrane irritation, hepatocyte necrosis, and hampered oxidative metabolites and substantial injury in biological systems.
9201-187. Mohan Rao N, Saiyed HN, Kulkarni PK, Kashyap SK (Natl Inst Occupl Hlth, Meghani Nagar, Ahmedabad 380 016). Pulmonary ventilatory capacity in slate pencil cutters with normal chest radiogram. Indian J Environ Prot, 11 (8) (1991), 578-582 [13 Ref].
Pulmonary ventilatory function tests were evaluated in 167 slate pencil workers. The findings revealed that smoking and respiratory symptoms have synergestic effect over dust exposure in causing airway obstruction. It appears from this study that physiological impairment in pulmonary function shows earlier than chest radiogram abnormality in a considerable number of slate pencil workers.
9201-188. Mukherjee AK, Bhattacharya SK, Ahmed S, Rajan BK, Roy S, Thakur S, Ganguly PK (Regl Occupl Hlth Cent (Southern), Ground Floor, Centl Library Block, Bangalore Medl Coll, Bangalore-560002). An environmental survey in jute processing industry. Indian J Indl Med, 37 (3) (1991), 123-128 [8 Ref].
Dust level and thermal parameters like dry-bulb temperature, relative humidity, VVBGT and wind velocity were studied in 4 different jute mills in West-Bengal during the period 1984-87. The results shows that there are two distinct dust zones, high and low, persisting within the mills. Dust levels in the processes like softening, teasing, carding have been found to exceed the TLV prescribed for nuisance dust in most of the mills. The study on thermal parameters in the mills shows that the condition during the period, February-April may not be comfortable at all to workerss particularly because of very poor air movement.
9201-189. Mullick Suparna, Konar SK (Fisheries Lab, Dept Zoo, Kalyani Univ, Kalyani 741235). Combined effects of zinc copper, iron and lead on plankton. Env Eco, 9 (1) (1991), 187-198 [33 Ref] (Late Recd).
Acute 48-hour toxicity for different binary, tertiary and quaternary mixture of four component metals, namely, zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe) and lead (Pb) was found for the zooplanktons Dzaptomlls forbesi to assess the safe disposal rate of metal mixture. Zinc and copper were mixed at ten times greater rate of their individual LC50, while iron and lead were mixed at their individual LC50 levels. Among six different tested combinations of binary metal mixture Zn-Cu, Cu-Fe and Pb-Fe combinations behaved antagonistically while Zn-Fe, Zn-Pb and Cu-Pb acted synergistically.
9201-190. Nair A, Dureja P, Pillai MKE (Dept Zoo, Univ Delhi, New Delhi 110002). Levels of aldrin and dieldrin in environmental samples from Delhi, India. The Sci Total Env, 108 (3) (1991), 255-259 [6 Ref].
Aldrin and dieldrin residues in soil, earthworms, water, fish and clams from different sites in Delhi were monitored. Concentrations of aldrin and dieldrin were found to be higher in earthworms than in soil. Concentrations of dieldrin were higher in fish than the ambient water but the concentration of aldrin in the ambient water was the same as that in fish and clams.
9201-191. Nair Sudha, Krishnamurthi VS (Bacterio Lab, Centl Leather Res Inst, Adyar, Madras 600020). Accumulation of chromium by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Indian J Environ Hlth, 33 (2) (1991), 230-236 [13 Ref].
Cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa grown in chromium free culture, accumulated chromium when resuspended in aqueous solutions of trivalent and hencavalent chrornium salts. The rate and extent of accumulation were subject to pH, additives like sodium chloride and tannic acid and to cell age and concentration of the metal. Roughly ten times more of chromium was found from basic chromium sulphate solution (trivalent form) than that of potassium dichromate (hexavalent form) by the bacteria.
9201-192. Nanda Kumar NV, John Bull EO, Prabhakar E, Nagaraju C, Naidu MSR (Dept Zoo, Sri Venkateswara Univ, Tirupati 517502). A colorimetric method for standardising biological activity of some new organophosphorus compounds. Polln Res, 9 (1990), 130-140 [13 Ref] (Late Pub).
The biological activity of new organophosphorus heterocyclic compounds is assayed in terms of their esterase inhibitory activity. The degree of esterase inhibition is discussed in relation to the leaving of various organophosphorus compounds tested. A standard calibration curve is also evolved for standardising biological activity of new organophosphorous compounds. The biological activity or esterase inhibitory activity is expressed as universal Methyl Parathion Units (MPU) deduced from standard calibration curve which can be employed for determining biological activity of new organophosphorous compounds.
9201-193. Pamila D, Subbaiyan PS, Ramaswamy K (Dept Zoo, Govt Arts Coll, Coimbatore 641018, Tamil Nadu). Toxic effects of chromium and cobalt on Sarotherodon mossambgells (Peters). Indian J Environ Hlth, 33 (2) (1991) 218-224 [18 Ref].
The effects of chromium and cobalt on oxygen consumption and blood parameters of Sarotherodon mossambicus were investigated. Based on the results obtained, it is concluded that S. mossambicus showed adaptive increase in oxygen uptake, probably to meet the energy demand, during early periods (5 days) of exposure to chromium and cobalt.
9201-194. Patil PS, Gadkari MP, Kulkarni KM (Ensiron Physio Lab, PG Dept Zoo, Govt Vidarbha Mahavidyalaya, Amravati 444604). Toxicity of organochlorine pesticides to the crab Paratelphusa jacquemontii (Rathbun). Env Eco, 9 (3) (1991), 804-806 [20 Ref].
Toxicity of aldrin, hilden BHC and DDT was studied to the crab Paratelphusa jacquemontii (Rathbun). Aldrin was found to be more toxic amongst the used pesticides.
9201-195. Patil SG, Hugar Parameshwar (Coll Agricl, Raichur 584 101). Ecological impacts of pesticides on wildlife. Myforest, 27 (3) (1991), 244-247 [5 Ref].
Most of the chemicals that are used to control unwanted insect pest, disease remain in environment even after their mission is over. The indirect effects of a pesticides on wild species is through their effect on non-target species including beneficial insects. Paper suggests for the scientific investigation to assess the impacts of pesticides on wildlife in India and for this purpose establishment of ecology centres in the areas where-pesticides are intensively used.
9201-196. Patnaik HK, Dash MC (Sch Life Sci, Sambalpur Univ, Jyoti Vihar 768019; Orissa). Toxicity of monocrotophos and fenitrothion to four common Indian grassland earthworm species. Polln Res, 9 (1990), 95-99 [12 Ref] (Late Recd).
The study reveals the LC50 values calculated from graph (10g dose v/s Probit mortality) to be in order of Limpito mauriti>Drawida willsi >Drawida calebi > Octochaetona surensis for monocrotophos and Lampito muaritii > Drawida calebi > Octochaetorza surensis>Drawida willsi for fenitrothion suspension. LC50 values range from 14.1 ppm to 18.2 ppm for monorotophos and 12.6 ppm to 15.9 ppm for fenthrothin suspension.
9201-197. Pingole VS, Rale VB (Dept Microbio, Univ Poona, Pune 411007). Effect of residual pesticides on microflora during fruit development in Mangifera indica, Indian J Environ Hlth, 33 (2) (1991), 198-202 [11 Ref].
Effect of residual pesticides on microbial isolates from various stages of fruit development in Mangifera indica, L was studied. It was observed that, yeast species were more sensitive to pesticides than the bacterial isolates and they showed no qualitative reduction in microflora though quantitative reduction was observed.
9201-198. Plaha RS, Sahai YN (Dept Zoo, Dr Harsingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar-470003). Qualitative detection of BHC in some organs of a fresh water teleost Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) as assessed by thin layer chromatography: Adv Biosci, 10 (1) (1991), 47-51 [17 Ref].
Paper deals with the qualitative detection of BHC in the liver, kidney, intestine and gills of a fresh water teleost Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch). The study was made after the exposure of fish to 10, 15 and 30 days to a sub-lethal concentration of 2.0 ml/litre. The study revealed accumulation of BHC in the liver, gills and intestine of Heteropneustes fossilis, but no spot could be detected in case of kidney for all exposures.
9201-199. Prakash A, Rao Jagadiswari, Tewari SN, Gupta SP (Centl Rice Res Inst, Cuttack 753 006, Orissa). Rice agroecosystem management by pesticides and its consequences. Growth Dev Nat Resource Conserv (Ed SR Verma), Nature Conservators (1990), 131-137 [7 Ref].
Paper deals with the problems of the usage of pesticides under different situations of tice cultivation with special reference to socio-economic condition of Indian farmers in eastern states of the country. Kinds of pesticides used in rice cultivation and their toxic effects, adulteration of pesticides and their misuse and unawareness of residues contamination in paddy grains/straws etc., have been discussed along with the view as how to overcome these problems.
9201-200. Pundir Rekha, Saxena AB (Dept Zoo, Holkar Sci Coll, Indore MP). Studies on acute toxicity of water containing ammonium molybdate to a fresh water fish Puntius ticto (Ham.). Polln Res, 9 (1990), 101-105 [3 Ref] (Late Recd).
Acute toxicity of water containing ammonium molybdate to fish Puntius ticto was determined. The LC50 value, LC100, value, 95% confidence limits and slope function were worked out. The LC50 values were computed to be 650, 620, 600, 650 mg/l for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hr respectively. The LC50values were found to be 650 ml/l for 96 hr period. The safe concentration worked out was 178.8 mg/l. Symptoms produced by molybdenum poisoning included fin erosion, impaired swimming ability, dark colour and surfacing behaviour.
9201-201. Rajan MT, Banerjee TK (Dept Zoo, Banaras Hindu Univ, Varanasi 221005). Histo-pathological changes induced by acute toxicity of mercuric chloride on the epidermis of freshwater catfish - Hetero-pneustes fossilis (Bloch). Ecotoxico Enuiron Safety, 22 (2) (1991), 139-152 [45 Ref].
The toxic effects of 0.3 ppm (96-hr LC60 value) of mercuric chloride solution on the epidermis of Heteropneustes fossilis at different time intervals have been studied. The epidermis reacts instantaneously by secreting a profuse amount of slime, especially due to hyperactivity of the goblet mucous cells which subsequently degenerate and get lost. Later, all other cell types also get entangled in the degenerative process.
9201-202. Rajkumar R, Manohar Das S Sam (Dept Zoo, Scot I Christian Coll, Nagercoil 629003). Effect of copper intoxication on muscle glycogen levels in Oreochromis merssarnbica. Env Eco, 9 (1) (1991), 1-3 [9 Ref] (Late Recd).
In the present investigation 120 hour LC0 and 24 hour-LC100 of copper to Oreochromis mossambica have been analyzed to be 0.01 and 1.1 mg/liter respectively. Body muscles of fish subjected to these two concentrations were analyzed to estimate their glycogen levels. Glycogen level dropped significantly in the muscles following heavy metal exposure.
9201-203. Ramamurthy K, Jayantha Rao K (Dept Zoo, SV Univ, Tirupati 517502). Toxic impact of heptachlor on carbohydrate metabolism in the tissues of a fresh water edible fish, Channa punctatus (Bloch). Growth Dev Nat Resources Conserv, (Ed SR Verma), Nature Conservators (1990), 287-291 [19 Ref].
The toxic effect of organochlorine pesticide viz. heptachlor at their sublethal (SL) level on biochemical parameters of blood, liver, gill and muscle and enzyme activities in gill, liver and muscle of a fresh water edible fish, Channa punctatus was studied after 5 and 10 days exposure. The alterations produced by the pesticide are more pronounced after 10 days exposure. The results suggested that the aerobic oxidation through Kreb’s cycle was adversely affected by the heptachlor.
9201-204. Ramanaiah P, Ravi Shankara C, Indira K, Rajendra W (Dept Zoo, Sri Venkateswara Univ, Tirupati 517502, AP). Effect of carbontetrachloride on arginine metabolism of Lamellidens marginalis. Indian J Environ Hlth, 33 (2) (1991), 213-217 [17 Ref].
Ammonia detoxification potential in different tissues of freshwater mussel under CCl4 toxicity has been studied. CCl4 exposure for 7 days depleted proteins followed by concomitant rise in free amino acids and ammonia resulting in hyperammonemia in the tissues. Hyperammonemia was combated by elevated arginase catalysis leading to increased urea and ornithine.
9201-205. Rao JV, Swamy AN, Yamin S (Toxico Unit, Bio Div, Indian Inst Cheml Techno, Hyderabad 600073). In vitro brain acetylcholinesterase response among their inbred strains of mice to monocrotophos. J Environ Sci Hlth, B26(4) (1991), 449-458 [21 Ref].
The strain differences in the neurotoxic potential of monocrotophos (MCP) were assessed by determining the inhibition of brain acetylcholinesterase (AchE) in BALB/cAnN, DBA/2J and C57BL/6J in vitro. MCP being a competitive inhibitor for AChE, alters the Km values widely among these inbred strains.
9201-206. Rastogi SK, Gupta BN, Tanveer Husaill, Seema Srivastava (ITRC, PO Box 80, MG Marg, Lucknow 226001). Pulmonary function evaluation in traffic policemen exposed to automobile exhaust. Indian J Occupl Hlth, 34 (2) (1991), 67-71 [17 Ref].
Pulmonary function tests were performed on 65 traffic policemen with defined exposure to assess the changes in respiratory status and the prevalence of pulmonary impairment in relation to personal and occupational factors. The study showed significantly higher prevalence of overall respirator) impairment in the exposed workers in comparison to that noted in the reference group (15.3% Vs 3.5% (p 0.001).
9201-207. Rastogi SK, Husain Tanveer (Indl Tounco Res Cent, Epidemio Div, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001). Role of respiratory functions in the evaluation of pulmonary impairment caused by toxic chemicals in the fertilizer plants. Indian J Environ Prot, 11 (6) (1991), 406-408 [4 Ref].
The toxic chemicals, gases and vapours present in the work environment in the fertilizer industry on acute or chronic inhalation are the environmental health hazards. Respiratory irritants and chemical asphyxiants from the fertilizer plants cause pulmonary toxicity. Assessment of various pulmonary abnormalities viz., ventilatory disorders, obstructive,-restrictive and mixed pulmonary pattern, small airways obstruction, diffusion abnormalities, decrease in O2 carrying capacity, abnormalities on oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve, hypoxaemia in the exposed workers are described in the present study.
9201-208. Ray A, Chatterjee S, Ghosh S, Kabir SN, Pakrashi A, Deb C (Dept Physio, Univ Coll Sci Techno, 92 Acharya Prafulla Chandra Rd, Calcutta 700009). Suppresive effect of quinalphos on the activity of accessory sex glands and plasma concen-trations of gonadotrophins and testosterone in rats. Arch Environ Contam Toxico, 21 (3) (1953l), 383-387 [27 Ref].
Biochemical estimation of prostatic acid phosphatase and fructose content in accessory sex glands, along with radioimmunoassay of plasma gonadotrophins (FSH and 1H) and testosterone were performed in Wistar rats following 8 treatment with quinalphos, an organophosphorus insecticide, for 13 and 26 days. Prostatic acid phosphatase activity and fructose content of the accessory sex glands, and plasma levels of testosterone and FSH were significantly lower in all rats treated with quinalphos.
9201-209. Roy Ajay Kumar, Talukdar Geeta, Sharma Archana (Cent Adv Std Cell Chromosome Res, Dept Bot, Univ Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Rd, Calcutta 700019). Similar effects in view of two aluminium salts on the liver, kidney, bone and brain of Rattus noruegicus. Bull Environ Contam Toxico, 47 (2) (1991), 288-295 [18 Ref].
The present work was undertaken to observe the effects of different concentrations of aluminium following oral ingestion for various durations on various organs of rats and also to compare two different A1 salts at doses having the same amount of A1. The findings can be of reIevance owing to the widespread use of aluminium compounds by oral route either as medicines or unintentionally through utensils and cookwares.
9201-210. Roy Chowdhury A, Venkatkrishna Bhatt H (Natl Inst Occupl Hlth, Meghani Nagar, Ahmedabad). Toxicology of formaldehyde-a focal review. Indian J Occupl Hlth, 34 (3) (1991), 115-122 [19 Ref].
Over several decades, results of scientific research have lead to review for assessing the HCHO hazard and accepted regulatory measures in different countries. The policies will be based on the principles that hold valid from animal data and presumptive carcinogenecity in humans. Indeed it appears that EPA possibly be changing their policies regarding safety measures of HCHO Moreover, the present status of arts in our country should be adopted where huge HCHO products are being widely used.
9201-211. Rupa DS, Reddy PP, Reddi OS (Environ Toxico Programme, Univ California, Riverside CA 92521 USA). Clastogenic effect of pesticides in peripheral lymphocytes of cotton field workers. Mutation Res, 261 (3) (1991), 177-180. [16 Ref].
Paper studied clastogenic effects in peripheral lymphocytes of cotton-field workers who were exposed to different pesticides. All the cells were grown in RPMI 1640 medium for 48 and 72 h. The type of aberrations observed in the exposed group are gaps, breaks, dicentrics, exchanges, rings and polyploidy.
9201-212. Sahasrebude Anjali, Pande Anita, Modi Vinod (Dept Microbio Biotechno Cent, Fac Sci, Univ Baroda, Baroda 390002). Dehalogenation of a mixture of chloroaromatics by immobilized Pseudomonas Sp. USI ex cells. Appl Microbio Biotechno, 35 (6) (1991) - 830-832 [7 Ref].
Pseudomonas sp. USI ex entrapped in calcium alginate could dehalogenate a mixture of isomeric monochlorobenzoates and 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Conditions for optimum dehalogenation of chloroaromatics by immobilized cells and their reusability were investigated. Preliminary attempts were made to set up a continuous system for dehalogenation of chloroaromatics using a fluidized bed column reactor.
9201-213. Sakthivel M, Sampath K, Pandian TJ (Zoo Dept, Kamaraj Coll, Tuticorin 628003). Sublethal effects of textile.dye stuff effluent on selected oxidative enzymes and tissue respiration of Cyprinus cazpio (Linr L). Indian J Exptl Bzo, 29 (10) (1991), 979-981 [16 Ref].
Toxic effects of sublethal concentration of dye stuff effluent on succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) activities and tissue respiration were studied in Cyprinus carpio. While the sublethal exposure significantly reduced SDH activity and tissue respiration, LDH activity increased in gill, brain, liver, muscle and kidney.
9201-214. Samuel Thomas, Pillai MKK (Dept Zoo, Univ Delhi, Delhi 110007). Impact of repeated application on the binding and persistence of [l4C]-DDT and [l4C] HCH in a tropical soil. Environ Polln, 74 (3) (1991), 205-216 [25 Ref].
An Indian sandy loam soil was initially treated with 1kg a.i.ha-1 of either [14C]-p,p'-DDT or [14C]-gamma-HCH during winter. The results demonstrate that pre-treatment of tropical soils with DDT or HCH enhances their rate of dissipation and significantly reduce the formation of their soil-bound residues.
9201-215. Sarojini R, Yadav BS, Nagabhusanam R (Dept Zoo, Marathwada Univ, Aurangabad 431004). Changes in ascorbic acid levels in tissues of freshwater prawn, Caridina weberi after lethal exposure to endosulfan. Uttar Pradesh J Zoo, 10 (2) (1990), 137-139 [7 Ref].
Changes in ascorbic acid levels after exposure to lethal doses of pesticide-endosulfan was carried out in hepatopancreas, ovary and muscle of freshwater prawn, C. weberi. After lethal exposure to concentration of 0.0288, 0.0204, 0.0173 and 0.0141 ppm of endosulfan for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours respectively, the ascorbic acid level in C. weberi was found to be increased in hepatopancress, ovary and muscle.
9201-216. Sastry KV, Shukla Vineeta (Dept Biosci, MD Univ, Rohtak). Effect of cadmium on the intestinal absorption of some nutrients in the teleost fish Channa punctatlw. Palln Res, 9 (1990), 141-146 [19 Ref] (Late Pub).
The effect of four concentrations (0.1, 1.0, 10 and 100 ppm) of cadmium on the rate of uptake of glucose, fructose and an aminoacid tryptophan by the intestine of the freshwater teleost fish, Channa punctatus has been studied after 1 hr at 23°C. Intestinal transport was also assessed in fish exposed to a sublethal concentration (1.12 ppm) of cadmium for 15, 30, 60 and 120 days. All four concentrations of cadmium decreased the rate of transport of these three nutrients significantly. The decrease was more marked in fish exposed to cadmium for 120 days than those exposed for other stages of chronic exposure.
9201-217. Sharif AKM, Mustafa AI, Mirza AH, Safiullah S (Inst Nuclear Sci Techno, Atom Energy Res Establishment, Savar, P.O. Box 3787, Dhaka Bangladesh). Trace metals in tropical marine fish from the Bay of Bengal. The Sci Total Env, 107 (1991), 135-142 [24 Ref].
Concentrations of potassium, calcium, magnesium, manganese, iron, nickel, copper, zinc, lead, cadmium, strontium and rubidium were determined in the flesh of six marine fish species from the Bay of Bengal. Analytical quality was determined by analysis of standard reference material MA-A-2(TM), Fish Flesh Homogenate, from International Atomic Energy Agency. In most cases the results are similar to data published on fish from other marine environments.
9201-218. Sharma HA, Naga-bhusanam R, Sarojini R (Dept Zoo, Marathwada Univ, Aurangabad 431004). Effect of organo-phosphate insecticide on the oogenesis of the edible crab, Scylla serrata. Uttar Pradesh J Zoo, 10 (2) (1991), 158-162 [13 Ref].
Two organophosphorous pesticide, methyl parathion and phosalone, were exposed to the marine crab, Scylla serrata, for acute and chronic studies. Both tike pesticides brought several abnormalities in the ovary of immature and maturing crabs. The overall observations made were, derangement of oocytes, vacuolization and degeneration of tissue, lack of nuclei and nucleoli, atretic follicles followed by chromatolysis. However, phosalone treatment brought a recovery in the ovary during long term exposure with the development of phagocytes and follicular cells.
9201-219. Singh Narendra N, Srivastava Anil Kishore, Srivastava Anil K (Dept Zoo, Kamla Nehru Inst Physical Socl Sci, Sultanpur 228118). Effect of sublethal concentration of aldrin on some haematological parameters of freshwater Indian catfish. Heteropneustes fossilis. J Freshwater Bio, 3 (3) (I991), 223-227 [26 Ref].
Exposure to Heteropneustes fossilis at sublethal concentration of 0.051 ppm of aldrin for seven days induced a significant decrease in total erythrocyte and leucocyte counts, haematocrit, haemoglobin concentration and clotting time. A significant increase was noticed in the abundance of thrombocytes.
9201-220. Srivastava AK, Gupta BN, Mathur AK, Mathur N, Mahendra PN, Bharti RS (Epidemio Div, Indl Toxico Res Cent, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001). The clinical and biochemical study of pesticide sprayers. Human Exptl Toxico, 10(4) (1991), 279-283 [23 Ref].
Clinical, haemoatological and biochemical studies of 34 subjects, occupationally exposed to different types of pesticides were conducted. The findings have been compared with those observed in 14 control subjects. Inhibition of cholinesterase activity was observed in the exposed group. Serum alkaline phosphatase was also found to be raised. Radiological examination revealed pneumonitic patches in the chest skiagrams of three exposed subjects. Paraesthesia with hyporefexia was also found in 8.8% of exposed subjects. The findings suggest that exposure to multiple pesticides over many years affects the normal functioning of different organ systems and may produce characteristic clinical effects.
9201-221. Tandon Rashmi, Seth Prahlad K, Srivastava Satya P (Indl Toxico Res Cent, Lucknow 226001). Effect of in utero exposure to DI (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate on rat testes. Indian J Exptl Bio, 29 (11) (1991), 1044-1046 [21 Ref].
In utero exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP; 1000 mg/kg/body weight) significantly decreased activities of testicualr sorbitol dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase and increased g-glutamyl transpeptidase, lactate, dehydrogenase and, b glucuronidase activities at early ages. A decrease in the sperm count of the epididymal spermatozoa was also observed in the segually matured animals of DEHP exposed group. The data suggest that in utero exposure to DEHP may affect the normal development of testes.
9201-222. Trehan Keshav, Maneesha (Lab Microbial Genetics Biochem, Dept Bot, Kurukshetra Univ, Kurukshetra 132119). Effect of lead on nitrogenase and enzymes of nitrogen assimilation in a cyano-bacterium Nostoc muscorum. Indian J Expt Bio, 29 (12) (1991), 1116-1119 [25 Ref].
Lead decreased the growth rates, total cell mass, heterocyst frequency, total cell protein, nitrogenase activity, glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) activities in Nostoc muscorum. However, lead at 0.01 and 10 µg/ml conc. enhanced nitrogenase as well as GS activity of the cells. On transfer to excess lead (100 R ), nitrogenase and GS activities ceased almost after 24 hr in the cyanobacterium.
9201-223. Tripathi RD Prakash Chandra (Aquatic Bot Lab, Natl Botl Res Inst, Lucknow 226001). Chromium uptake by Spirodela polyrrhia (L) Schleiden in relation to metal chelators and pH. Bull Environ Contam Toxico, 47 (5) (1991), 764-769 [12 Ref].
Influence of metal chelators viz. ethylenediaminetetra acetic acid (EDTA) and salicylic acid and pH on the accumulation of chromium by Spirodela polyrrhiza has been studied both in the laboratory and field. The results indicate that the fronds of S. polyrrhiza can accumulate Cr from polluted waters where metal chelators and variable pH conditions exist. The studies can be useful in reducing the level of Cr in closed water bodies usine S. polyrrhiza plants.
9201-224. Tuyen BC, Bhargava DS (Univ Roorkee, Dept Civil Engngn Roorkee 247667). Dispersion of herbicides and related impacts on the environment. Indian J Environ Prot, 11 (8) (1991), 608-613 [13 Ref].
Like other agrochemicals, herbicides play an important role in modern agriculture, although their indiscriminate use has led to many side-effects to the environment including air, soil, water, and organisms. To eliminate the aquatic weeds in Asian rice fields, herbicides, such as Diquats Paraquat and 2, 4-D are widely used without any realization of the impacts. Paper attempts to discuss the environmental pathways and the impacts of these herbicides on the environment.
9201-225. Varadarajan K, Kannan K, Patiwal K, Mani A, Balasubramanian VS, (School of Biol Sci, Madurai Kamaraj Univ, Madurai 625021). Effect of sewage pollution on the health status of sewage farm workers. Bull Environ Contam Toxico, 47 (5) (1991), 646-652 [17 Ref].
Studies on effect of sewage pollution on occupational wealth of sewage fawan workers revealed relatively high eosinophilx count, chronic respiratory-infection or hookwarm infestation. Evaluation of the immunological status of the farm workers indicated elevation in serum immunoglobulin levels, as well as increase in total protein and albumin levels.
9201-226. Vatsala S, Rehina K, Ramakrishna T (Dept of Chem, Providence Women Coll Dept of Life Sci, Univ of Calicut, Calicut). Toxicity of aluminium. Indian J Environ Hlth, 33 (2) (1991) 257-259 [12 Ref].
Amount of aluminium leached out from utensils made of different types of aluminium/alumitnium alloys, during cooking processes has shown considerable higher level when compared to permissible level of aluminium in drinking water. The health effiects of excess levels of aluminium are discussed in the light of available literature and a studies on toxicological and epidemiological aspects are suggested.
9201-227. Vijayram K, Loganathan P, Janarthanan S (Res Dept Zoo. Periyar EVR Coll, Tiruchirapalli 620023). Liver dysfunction in fish Anabas testudineus exposed to sublethal levels of pulp and paper mill effluent. Env Eco, 9 (1) (1991), 272-275 [14 Ref] (Late Recd).
A decrease was observed in the biochemical profiles of liver of the fish Anabas testudineus after 3, 10, 30 and 60 days of exposure to sublethal concentrations of pulp and paper mill effluent. Symptoms of jaundice were noted in fish exposed for 60 days. In recovery phase fish showed revival of some biochemical parameters.